Researchers wonder if they stumbled upon a clue to how new galaxies are formed after observing the rapid and unexpected movement of emissions from a massive black hole.
Scientists, including the University of Alberta’s Greg Sivakoff, were observing a black hole “feeding” on a nearby star when their instruments recorded a jet stream emanating from the hole that was quickly changing the direction of its trajectory, something that had never been documented before.
The black hole, named V404 Cygni, is nine times the size of our sun and located 7,800 light-years from Earth.
“We saw these blobs of radio emission that were moving away from where we thought the black hole would be, very rapidly,” said Sivakoff, who was part of the international team of astronomers working with the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research when they made the discovery.
“That by itself is not atypical for what we do. But what was really strange was that we were seeing lots of these blobs on very short timescales,” he explained on CBC Edmonton’s Radio Active on Monday.
“Moreover, the direction that they were moving away from the black hole was changing over time and we’d never seen that before at this rapid a timescale.”
The phenomenon was observed in summer 2015, but it took the team another four years to verify the data and findings.
The findings were published in the science journal Nature on Monday.
The theory behind what causes the “wobbling” movement, as Sivakoff calls it, is the basis for many science fiction plots.
“Black holes can actually drag the spacetime around them and can twist that up,” said Sivakoff.
As space and time bend around the jet, it creates a swirling effect that propels it to quickly shift in different directions.
The International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research shared a video with an animated recreation of the activity they observed around the black hole.
In the video, James Miller-Jones, lead author of the Nature paper and associate professor at Curtin University in Perth, Australia, explains that “as the black hole spins, it literally drags the fabric of the universe with it.”
Even Chris Evans, an actor from Avengers: Endgame, tweeted about the discovery on Wednesday, saying “There are beautiful mysteries full of power and impermanence happening all the time.”
‘Nine times the size of the sun’. Before you start your daily routine inside this little game we play, really try to process that bit of information. There are beautiful mysteries full of power and impermanence happening all the time, all around us. It’s overwhelmingly liberating <a href=”https://t.co/RQRyGHJbWB”>https://t.co/RQRyGHJbWB</a>
—@ChrisEvans
Moving forward, Sivakoff hopes this discovery could be the basis of future research on larger entities in space that astrophysicists believe are central to the creation of galaxies.
The V404 Cygni black hole is known as a stellar black hole, which are several times the mass of our sun. There are also supermassive black holes, which are millions to billions of times more massive than our sun.
Scientists have theorized that each galaxy contains a supermassive black hole, which created galaxies as the jet stream spat material into the universe.
And Sivakoff said that discovering this “wobbling” jet could lead to a greater understanding of exactly how galaxies came to form in their distinctive clusters of planets and stars.
“Finding this astronomical first has deepened our understanding of how black holes and galaxy formation can work. It tells us a little more about that big question: ‘How did we get here?'”